The word primula is the Latin feminine diminutive of primus, meaning first (prime), applied to flowers that are among the first to open in spring.
#Auricula flower series
The most common is division into a series of thirty sections. As the genus is both large and diverse (with about 430–500 species), botanists have organized the species in various sub-generic groups. The classification of the genus Primula has been investigated by botanists for over a century. The genus Dodecatheon originated from within Primula, its species are now included in Primula. The position of Primula within the family and its relationship to other genera is shown in this cladogram: Primula is the largest genus in the family Primulaceae, within which it is placed in the subfamily Primuloideae, being the nominative genus. The most complete treatment of the family, with nearly 1000 species arranged into 22 genera, was by Pax and Knuth in 1905. Primula is a member of the Primulaceae family. Since then, heterostyly (and homostyly) have remained important considerations in the taxonomic classification of Primula.
One of its earliest scientific treatments was that of Charles Darwin study of heterostyly in 1877 ( The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species). Linnaeus described seven species of Primula. Primula was known at least as early as the mediaeval herbalists, although first formally described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753, and later in 1754 in his Flora Anglica. Many species are adapted to alpine climates. Some species show a white mealy bloom (farina) on various parts of the plant. Plants bloom mostly during the spring, with flowers often appearing in spherical umbels on stout stems arising from basal rosettes of leaves their flowers can be purple, yellow, red, pink, blue, or white. Primula is a complex and varied genus, with a range of habitats from alpine slopes to boggy meadows.
Primula has over 500 species in traditional treatments, and more if certain related genera are included within its circumscription. Almost half of the known species are from the Himalayas. Primula are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America. They have been extensively cultivated and hybridised (in the case of the primrose, for many hundreds of years). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers. vulgaris), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Primula ( / ˈ p r ɪ m j ʊ l ə/) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae.
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